Rapid Determination of 1091 Pesticide Residues in Edible Fungi by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

To enhance the efficiency of untargeted screening for hazardous substances in edible fungi, this study established a high-throughput rapid screening platform for pesticides and their metabolites in edible fungi. The platform was developed based on liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（LC-QTOF/MS）combined with QuEChERS pretreatment, by acquiring accurate precursor mass values and secondary fragment spectral information of target analytes. Qualitative identification criteria were defined for the platform, including a precursor ion mass deviation of ≤5×10⁻⁶, an isotopic abundance difference of ≤5%, and a secondary spectral library matching score of ≥70%. This approach enables the rapid screening of 1091 pesticides and their metabolites in edible fungi without the need for reference standards. Methodological validation using 16 representative pesticides revealed that the platform’s limits of detection（LODs）ranged from 2 to 1000 ng·mL⁻¹. Featuring broad pesticide coverage, simple pretreatment procedures, freedom from reference standard dependence, as well as high resolution and high throughput, this platform is well suited for routine broad-spectrum screening of pesticide residues in edible fungi. It can provide robust technical support for food safety supervision and risk assessment.